Alluvial channels are sensitive in regard to changes of rivers and allocations of sedimentary load. A lot of the changes which occur in morphologic channel during the time, can be related to the mentioned changes. From the new view point of tectonic, growing faults and folds are to be counted as the most usual part of structures which effect the river's system.The size and length of the rupture increases by the replacement in fault's direction. In folds that are located above the blind faults, the folds are expected to grow in length and width side.By expanding faults plate, as that limbs come up related to local base level. It is often pointed to khorramabad Anticline as an instance of high Zagros' folds the Khorramabad River, in its route of 46 km, passes through the city's anticline. This anticline is located on a hanging wall-part of the blind faults of high Zagros (Berberian 1995).In this study, for avaluating the amount of activity of khorramabad anticline, some qualified indexes in direction of the khorramabad river were studied and measured.(e.g. guardian index of river's slope, sinusity of lengthwise profile and river's terraces). It was tried to find the appropriate estimation from the position of this anticline and also the part of high Zagros that located below that. It is called khorramabad fault (tavakoli and shabanian 2000), is account as a part of fault zone of high Zagros (Barbarian 1995). Regarding to the fact that Khorramabad fault is a part of a blind fault in Zaros zone it is very important of to prove its activity for using in evaluating the hazard seismic of this area and even city planning's. As a result, considering the agitations in the river system of khorramabad, is an efficient tool for the recognation of the activeness of khorramabad's anticline as well as it's original fault.

Introduction:Growth in our understanding of active tectonics and tectonic geomorphology during the past 25 years has made it clear that tectonic processes happen at a variety of scales relevant to human history. This fact has presented researchers with an important question that what is the impact of active dynamics of earth’s crust in continental region on human societies in both our past and future. A review of published studies shows that there are two viewpoints about the relation between active tectonics and humans. Some of the researchers emphasize the dangers of active tectonics for human beings. The other group of researchers believe that tectonic is an important factor in the evolution of humans, civilization, and the formation of ancient complex cultures.

In this study, weather conditions such as air humidity, temperature air, and wind speed were investigated in relation to wind turbine efficiency with the approach of an exergy study. In this study, the wind speed has been investigated in two different climatic regions of Iran with an approximate distance of 1200 km, in the names of Ardabil and Marvast. The amount of wind density of Ardabil is equal to 66 (kW/m2) and Marvast is equal to 123 (kW/m2). Power production using a 10 (Kw) wind turbine in the Ardabil region is 2.3 (MWh) and in the Marvast region is 3.2 (MWh) per year. The highest wind turbine exergy efficiency is 0.48 in the Ardabil region, and the highest exergy efficiency in the Marvast region is 0.18. The amount of reduction of CO2 gas production, using wind turbines in comparison to gas and diesel power plants in Ardabil, are 1.1 and 2.1 tons and in Marvast are 1.5 and 2.9 tons per year. This reduction in CO2 greenhouse gas per year is equal to using a forest region of 1000 (m2) to 3000 (m2). The use of wind turbines reduces the fuel consumption of diesel power plants in the Ardabil region for the amount of 797.4 liters and in the Marvast region for the amount of 1244 liters of diesel per year. According to this review, it can be concluded that in addition to wind speed, air humidity plays a significant role in the selection, installation, and commissioning of wind turbines in the region. According to this survey, it can be seen that in the Ardabil region, the wind speed of the wind turbine has a higher exergy efficiency than in the Marvast region, and it can be concluded that the wind turbine has performed better in the Ardabil region.

Geomorphic indices of active tectonics are useful tools to analyze the influence of active tectonics in an area. These indices have the advantage of being calculated using ArcGIS and RS (Remote Sensing) packages over large areas as a reconnaissance tool to identify geomorphic anomalies possibly related to active tectonics. This is particularly valuable in Great Karoun River Basin of Zagros, where relatively little work on active tectonics based on this method was done. The study area in central Zagros fold- thrust-belt of the southwestern Iran is an area with NW–SE oriented structures provides an ideal location for testing the concept of an index to predict relative tectonic activity on a basis of river system or mountain front. Based upon values of the stream length-gradient index (SL), drainage basin asymmetry (Af), hypsometric integral (Hi), ratio of valley-floor width to valley height (Vf), index of drainage basin shape (Bs), and index of mountain front sinuosity (Smf), overall index as index of relative active tectonic (Iat) was resulted that is a combination of the other indices. This indices are used to divide the landscape into four classes of relative tectonic activity. After measuring indices it is concluded that this part of the Zagros zone has variable rates of active tectonics. Based on corrected Iat values, the study area was divided into three parts: class 1 (very high relative tectonic activity, %24 in area; such as some parts of the east and central zone where Main Zagros Reverse Fault and Dezful embayment fault have the most influence); class 2 (high relative tectonic activity, 63% in area; such as most parts of the area in east, west, north and center where action of faults are lower than the previous class); class 3(moderate, 10% in area; such as most parts of the area in north and south where action of faults are the lowest). Therefore, we don’t have class 4 in this area, and 1% of basin is not measured for the indices because it is located in coastal plain of Khuzestan.

Geomorphic indexes can be a useful tool for investigating the impact of active tectonics and the identification of related anomalies, especially in areas that quantitative research work has been done. The study area is a part of the Central Iranian structural-sedimentary zone, located in the Saveh area. By studying the geological and topographic maps and using digital elevation data, it was evaluated the rate of relative active tectonics of this area, using some of the geomorphic indexes such as Hi, Re, Bs, AF, Vf, Vc, V, SL, Smf and Iat. These indexes which have been measured and compared in eight fronts and nine basins (Shur-payeinii, Lar, Bidlu, Amirabad, Shur-baleii, Eshtehard, Buin Zahra, Arab and Kharrud) resulted to present the active tectonic zonation map for the study area. The measured Hi index shows the relative maturity of all basins and the Arab basin has the most relative tectonic activity compared to other basins. The Re index shows the highest elongation for Lar, Bidlu and Kharrud basins and the least elongation for Shur-payeinii basin. The AF index shows the highest uplift for the Bidlu basin, which is located on the right side of this basin. Vf, Vc and V indexes represent the lowest rate of activity in the valleys which are located on the border between the Shur-baleii and Amirabad basins, the southern part is the Lar basin and the border between Amirabad and Bidlu basins. The Kharrud, Buin Zahra and Arab basins are the most active basins based on the SL index. The Smf index indicates the high activity for all basins. According to active tectonic zonation map, it is possible to show that on the border between the Eshtehard, Shur-baleii, Lar, Bidlu and Amirabad basins which are located in 1 class, have the highest degree of activity. These basins are affected by behavior Jaru, Gomorkan, Ipak, Takidagh, and Alishar faults. Other parts along the mountain fronts are also located in 2 class and are active. The low-lying areas (Kharrud, Buin Zahra and Arab basins) located in 3 class, have the least degree of activity. The highest rate of SL index is for Kharrud, Buin Zahra and Arab basins. This high rate resulted to the seismic and active Ipak fault. According to Smf index, Amirabad basin is the most active basins. Vf index represent the lowest rate which are located on the border between the Shur-baleii and Amirabad basins. This border is located on Jaru and Gomorkan faults.

This paper uses geomorphic features to constrain active structural deformation at the Natanz region, central Iran. Offset stream beds indicate rightlateral strike slip motion at a rate of about 2.5 mm/yr along the NW-SE trending Qom-Zefreh fault zone. Deep incision of the Moghar river which crosses the Charkheh and Zardkuh anticlines also indicates uplift at depth on thrust faults dipping SSW beneath the anticlines. The fact that the active Qom-Zefreh strike-slip fault runs parallel to the active fold and thrust zone suggests that oblique motion of Arabia with respect to Eurasia is partitioned in this part of central Iran. We conclude that the active blind faults which leave clear signatures in geomorphology should be seriously considered as a seismic source while assessing seismic hazard in the region.

Quantitative measurements have allowed geomorphologists to objectively compare landforms and calculate geomorphic indices that for identifying a particular characteristic of the area; for example, its level of tectonic activity. The indices; the hypsometric curve (Hc) and hypsometric integral (Hi) are related to the degree of dissection of a landscape. Drainage-basin asymmetry is defined in terms of the Asymmetry Factor (AF) as well as the transverse Topography symmetry Factor (T). Both of these are valuable in rapid evaluation of drainage basin to determine if tectonic tilt may have been occurred. The stream length-gradient index (SL) is a useful tool for studying tectonic geomorphology; high values commonly are originated where stream cross resistant rock or where stream cross active structure. Mountain-front sinuosity (Smf) is an index that reflects the balance between erosion forces and tectonics forces at a mountain front. In general, active mountain fronts have relatively low values of sinuosity. The ratio of valley-floor with to valley height (VF) differentiates between broad floored canyons and V-shaped valleys. Low values of VF are associated with active tectonic. In this article seven indices of relative tectonic activity are used and evaluated for studying and analysis dynamic sequential process in earth shaping plus landscape and is used to classify darakeh basin for relative tectonic activity. Commonly, it is useful to classify area as being very active, moderately active, or in active. Such basic classification is useful in delineating area where more detailed field studies will identify active structure and calculate rate of active tectonic processes. Processing Geomorphic Indices of Active Tectonics in Darakeh Basin indicate that this basin is being a tectonic active region in Iran. Finally; darakeh basin is classified to the stream length-gradientindex (SL).

We present the results of continuous GPS measurements to interpret present-day kinematic along and across northern Iran (i.e. the Alborz mountain range and northern part of Central Iranian Block (CIB)). In this study velocity field and geodetic strain rate of 30 CGPS stations from 2005 to 2009 were calculated in order to indicate active deformation of the region. The obtained velocity field suggests that western and central part of the Alborz mountains accommodate the convergence between Arabia and Eurasia mainly through shortening at a rate of ~6 mm/yr. and 2 mm/yr. left-lateral strike slip motion while the eastern Alborz accommodates the differential motion on either side of the range by left-lateral strike slip faults at ~5 mm/yr., as well as 2 mm/yr. shortening across the range. It can be deduced from the velocity vectors that main portion of the shortening (~70%) in the western and central Alborz is mainly taken up along the North Alborz and western Khazar faults. It is also evident from the site velocities that ~3 mm/yr. shortening is occurring in CIB, i.e. ~1.5 mm/yr. on northern side of CIB (along the Parchin-Pishva-Robatkarim faults) and ~1.5 mm/yr. along the Tafresh fault. These observations strongly suggest that CIB is not a rigid block. Principal axes of geodetic strain-rate tensor show that mainly compressional deformation occurs in western Alborz while transpressional deformation is dominant in eastern Alborz. Strain rate decreases in south and south-western parts of the belt, as approaches the CIB. We alsoobserve copmressional deformation in northern margin of CIB. Finally, we indicate that the present-day kinematics of the Alborz mountains is consistent with geological evidence and active tectonics of the region.

Introduction: Concerns of earth sciences, tectonic geomorphology with its own methodology is too. The main subject in tectonic geomorphology science is the study of measurable forms and landforms produced by tectonic signals. Since judgment about pale oseismological characteristics of an area cannot be only based on instrumental paleosizemology records and/or historical earthquake, so the study of surfacial landscapes and landforms is very important. Active tectonics indexes are advantageous tools for assessment and investigation of tectonic status of mobile zones. Active tectonics indexes are such as stream length gradient, drainage basin asymmetry, drainage basin shape, hypsometry integral and ratio of valley- floor width to valley height.The, main Zagros fault is one of the major as well as active faults of our country which has been prudes many earthquakes in around area.In this study Farsan basin, which consists of two zone structural of Sanandaj-sirjan and high-Zagros, was tested by seven different indexes and active tectonic rate was measured. Farsan and Hafshijan basin with 32.5-32.9 latitude in north hemisphere, and 50.33-50.78 longitude.By is located in Chahar Mahal and Bakhtiari provincePaying attention to paleosizemology situation on the zone and comparing it with field observation, the results have been evaluated.Materials and Methods: All the indexes have been measured with high resolution DEM (10 meters) within GIS software. Finally, the results of the active tectonic indexes were converted to IAT index and the active tectonic rate map of Farsan basin has prepared. The aims of this study are as follows: First, to study the tectonic status of the Farsan Basin along the Zagros fault margin based on active tectonic indexes.Second, to show the status of this zone by comparing the results from the active tectonic indexes at both sides of this fault and at the structural zone, i.e. Sanandaj-Sirjan and high-Zagros Third, to show that which index gives better and more reliable results, considering the geomorphologic and field observations.It should be noted here that measurements have been done by GIS software using digital elevation models (DEM) with 10 -meter-pixel resolution.For studying this basin, it was divided to 30 sub-basins.Sub-basins 1-16 and 30 were located inside high Zagros zone, and 17-29 inside Sanandaj-Sirjan zone. These sub-basins had also been categorized into 3 classes (1, 2, and 3) based on their tectonic activity. Class 1 has the highest activity and class 3 has the lowest.Results and Discussion: Shape-ratio Index (Bl): This index is calculated by dividing length of the basin (B) by greatest width of the basin (L), B1=B/L. Based on this index, the results showed that 27.88% of basins are in class 1, out of which 15.38% are in Sanandaj-Sirjan zone and 12.5% in high Zagros zone.Drainage Basin ASymmetry Index (Af): This index shows the tilting caused by tectonics and is calculated by Af= 100 (Ar/At), Ar: the area at the right side of the channel, At: the total area if the basin. The results showed that 71.93% of the basins have a tilted shape and are in class 1 out of which 30.76% are in Sanandaj-Sirjan zone and 41.17% in high Zagros zone.Hypsometric Integral Index (Hi): It is calculated by, in which, Hmax, and Hmin are the average, maximum, and minimum height of the basin, respectively. According to the results, totally 27.14% of the basins have active tectonics and are in class 1, out of which 15.38% are in Sanandaj-Sirjan zone and 11.76% in high Zagros zone.Mountain-front sinuosity Index (Smf): This index is calculated by the direct distance (Lmf) divided by indirect distance (Ls), Smf=Lmf/Ls. The results based on this index showed that 77.7% of the mountain fronts are in high Zagros zone and 63.6% of them in Sanandaj-Sirjan zone, both of them in class 1.Ratio of Valley-floor Width to Valley Height Index (Vf): This index is calculated byVf= 2VFW/ [(ELD-ESC)+(ERD-ESC)], VFW: Valley-floor width, ESC: Valley-floor height, ERD, LD: Elevations of right and left valley divides. Based on this index, narrow and deep valleys have active tectonics. The results showed that only 37% of the measured valleys in high Zagros are in class 1 and no valley from Sanandaj-Sirjan zone is in class 1.Stream length-Gradiant Index (SL): it is calculated by SL= (DH/D L) L, in which DH is change in elevation of the reach; DL is length of the reach, L is the total channel length. According to the results, 23.52% of the streams are in high Zagros zone (class 1) and 15.3% are in Sanandaj-Sirjan zone (class 1).To produce the IAT index, the authors have added all the results from these 6 indexes, calculated S/n, and finally drawn the zoning map of the Farsan basin in 4 classes. The results showed that 3.18% of total basin areas (5.85 km2) have active tectonics.Conclusion: The average basin area categorized in class 1 is around 13 km2, while the average area of inactive basins is around 37.27 km2.The average height of the basins in class 1 is about2650 m., while that of in class 3 is around 2470 m. So, in this basin the main Zagros fault has very active tectonics along 8350 meters and tectonically high-Zagros zone is more active than the Sanandaj-sirjan zone.

The study area is south west of Zarrinrod in south of Zanjan province. In this study, various indicators including Ratio of valley floor width to valley height index (Vf), Stream length-gradient index (SL), Hypsometric integral index (Hi), Basin shape index (Bs) and Drainage drainage symmetry index ( AF) and the pattern of streams were calculated. The combination of these indexes can be used to determine the relationship between the active tectonics index (Iat). In this study, GIS 10. 5 Arc was used to calculate the morphometric indices of topographic maps and DEM of the region. The most drainage pattern in this study area is a tree channel. Based on the studies done in the study area, tectonics are divided into two parts with moderate and low activity.